'Serious blow' for the touring side after Atkinson is forced off suffering a hamstring problem.
The pace bowler further complicated the injury concerns plaguing England when he left the ground early on day two in the Melbourne Test in the Ashes series.
The right-arm seamer pulled up with his left leg after the final ball that he bowled at the MCG.
The England team stated Atkinson felt some "soreness" and would spend time away from the action to undergo evaluation "in the coming hours".
The final Test of the series beginning on 4 January gets underway this coming Sunday.
The English side has previously lost strike bowlers Mark Wood to a knee injury and Jofra Archer to a side strain during this series.
Matthew Fisher was called up as injury reinforcement.
Atkinson struggled early in the series, taking just a handful of scalps.
He was left out from the previous Test, only to be brought back for the Boxing Day match to fill the void.
The county bowler performed better in the fourth Test, bagging two scalps with the ball, before adding 28 as a batsman being one of only three teammates to reach double figures.
Following a brief spell in Australia's second innings, he resumed for the second day's play and removed Scott Boland edging to the keeper.
However, towards the conclusion of that over, he delivered a slower ball to Travis Head and immediately felt his left hamstring.
Atkinson was recalled for the fourth Ashes Test following his omission the Adelaide game.
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Michael Hunter
Michael Hunter
Michael Hunter
Michael Hunter
Michael Hunter